Multiple
Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the
question.
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1.
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The advantage of light
microscopy over electron microscopy is that a. | light microscopy provides for higher
magnification than electron microscopy. | b. | light microscopy provides for higher
resolving power than electron microscopy. | c. | light microscopy allows one to view
dynamic processes in living cells. | d. | both A and B | e. | both B and C | | |
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2.
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All of the following are
part of a prokaryotic cell except a. | DNA. | b. | a cell wall. | c. | a plasma membrane. | d. | ribosomes. | e. | an endoplasmic reticulum. | | |
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3.
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Large numbers of ribosomes are
present in cells that specialize in producing which of the following molecules? a. | lipids | b. | starches | c. | proteins | d. | steroids | e. | glucose | | |
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4.
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The Golgi apparatus has a
polarity or sidedness to its structure and function. Which of the following statements
correctly describes this polarity? a. | Transport vesicles fuse with one side of
the Golgi and leave from the opposite side. | b. | Proteins in the membrane of the Golgi may be sorted and modified as they move from one
side of the Golgi to the other. | c. | Lipids in the membrane of the Golgi may be
sorted and modified as they move from one side of the Golgi to the other. | d. | Soluble proteins in the cisternae (interior) of the Golgi may be sorted and modified
as they move from one side of the Golgi to the other. | e. | All of the above correctly describe polar characteristics of the Golgi
function. | | |
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Refer to the following five
terms to answer the following questions. Choose the most appropriate term for each phrase. Each term
may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
A. | lysosome | B. | vacuole | C. | mitochondrion | D. | Golgi apparatus | E. | peroxisome | | |
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5.
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one of the main energy
transformers of cells
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6.
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Of the following, which cell
structure would most likely be visible with a light microscope that has been manufactured to the
maximum resolving power possible? a. | mitochondrion | b. | microtubule | c. | ribosome | d. | largest microfilament | e. | nuclear pore | | |
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7.
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Cells would be unable to form
cilia or flagella if they did not have a. | centrosomes. | b. | ribosomes. | c. | actin. | d. | A and B only | e. | A, B, and C | | |
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For the following questions,
match the labeled component of the cell membrane in the figure below with its
description.
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8.
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cholesterol
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9.
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What is one of the functions of
cholesterol in animal cell membranes? a. | facilitates transport of
ions | b. | stores energy | c. | maintains membrane fluidity | d. | speeds diffusion | e. | phosphorylates ADP | | |
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10.
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Which of the following would
likely move through the lipid bilayer of a plasma membrane most rapidly? a. | CO2 | b. | an amino acid | c. | glucose | d. | K+ | e. | starch | | |
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Use the diagram of the
U-tube in the figure below to answer the following questions.
The solutions in the two arms of this
U-tube are separated by a membrane that is permeable to water and glucose but not to sucrose. Side A
is half filled with a solution of 2 M sucrose and 1 M glucose. Side B is half filled
with 1 M sucrose and 2 M glucose. Initially, the liquid levels on both sides are
equal.
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11.
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Initially, in terms of
tonicity, the solution in side A with respect to that in side B is a. | hypotonic. | b. | plasmolyzed. | c. | isotonic. | d. | saturated. | e. | hypertonic. | | |
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12.
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Carrier molecules in the
membrane and metabolic energy are required for a. | osmosis. | b. | facilitated diffusion. | c. | active
transport. | d. | B and C only | e. | A, B, and C | | |
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13.
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White blood cells engulf
bacteria through what process? a. | exocytosis | b. | phagocytosis | c. | pinocytosis | d. | osmosis | e. | receptor-mediated
exocytosis | | |
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14.
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Which of the following is a
statement of the first law of thermodynamics? a. | Energy cannot be created or
destroyed. | b. | The entropy of the universe is decreasing. | c. | The entropy of the universe is constant. | d. | Kinetic energy is stored energy that results from the specific arrangement of
matter. | e. | Energy cannot be transferred or transformed. | | |
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15.
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When glucose monomers are
joined together by glycosidic linkages to form a cellulose polymer, the changes in free energy, total
energy, and entropy are as follows:
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16.
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What term is used to describe
the transfer of free energy from catabolic pathways to anabolic pathways? a. | feedback regulation | b. | bioenergetics | c. | energy coupling | d. | entropy | e. | cooperativity | | |
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17.
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Which of the following is
not true of enzymes? a. | Enzyme catalysis is dependent on the pH
and temperature of the reaction environment. | b. | Enzyme catalysis is dependent on the three-dimensional structure or conformation of
the enzyme. | c. | Enzymes provide activation energy for the reaction they
catalyze. | d. | Enzymes are composed primarily of protein, but they may bind
nonprotein cofactors. | e. | Enzyme activity can be inhibited if the
enzyme's allosteric site is bound with a noncompetitive inhibitor. | | |
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18.
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The mechanism in which the end
product of a metabolic pathway inhibits an earlier step in the pathway is known as a. | metabolic inhibition. | b. | feedback
inhibition. | c. | allosteric inhibition. | d. | noncooperative inhibition. | e. | reversible
inhibition. | | |
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19.
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Which statement is not
correct with regard to redox (oxidation-reduction) reactions? a. | A molecule is reduced if it loses electrons. | b. | A molecule is oxidized if it loses electrons. | c. | An electron donor is called a reducing agent. | d. | An electron acceptor is called an oxidizing agent. | e. | Oxidation and reduction always go together. | | |
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20.
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Substrate-level phosphorylation
accounts for approximately what percentage of the ATP formed during glycolysis?
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21.
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All of the following are
functions of the citric acid cycle except a. | production of
ATP. | b. | production of NADH. | c. | production of FADH2. | d. | release of carbon dioxide. | e. | adding electrons and protons to oxygen,
forming water. | | |
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22.
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During oxidative
phosphorylation, H2O is formed. Where does the oxygen for the synthesis of the water come
from? a. | carbon dioxide (CO2) | b. | glucose (C6H12O6) | c. | molecular oxygen (O2) | d. | pyruvate
(C3H3O3–) | e. | lactate
(C3H5O3–-) | | |
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23.
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Recall that the complete
oxidation of a mole of glucose releases 686 kcal of energy ( G = -686 kcal/mol). The phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP stores approximately 7.3
kcal per mole of ATP. What is the approximate efficiency of cellular respiration for a
"mutant" organism that produces only 29 moles of ATP for every mole of glucose oxidized,
rather than the usual 36-38 moles of ATP? a. | 0.4% | b. | 25% | c. | 30% | d. | 40% | e. | 60% | | |
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24.
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In alcohol fermentation,
NAD+ is regenerated from NADH during the a. | reduction of acetaldehyde to ethanol (ethyl alcohol). | b. | oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA. | c. | reduction of pyruvate to form lactate. | d. | oxidation of NAD+ in the citric acid cycle. | e. | phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP. | | |
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25.
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You have a friend who lost 7 kg
(about 15 pounds) of fat on a "low carb" diet. How did the fat leave her
body? a. | It was released as CO2 and H2O. | b. | Chemical energy was converted to heat and then released. | c. | It was converted to ATP, which weighs much less than fat. | d. | It was broken down to amino acids and eliminated from the
body. | e. | It was converted to urine and eliminated from the
body. | | |
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26.
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Which of the following are
products of the light reactions of photosynthesis that are utilized in the Calvin
cycle? a. | CO2 and glucose | b. | H2O and O2 | c. | ADP, Pi, and NADP+ | d. | electrons and H+ | e. | ATP and NADPH | | |
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27.
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What wavelength of light is
most effective in driving photosynthesis? a. | 420 mm | b. | 475 mm | c. | 575 mm | d. | 625 mm | e. | 730 mm | | |
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28.
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Of the following, what do both
mitochondria and chloroplasts have in common? a. | thylakoid
membranes | b. | chemiosmosis | c. | ATP synthase | d. | B and C only | e. | A, B, and C | | |
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29.
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Which of the following is (are)
required in the Calvin cycle? a. | CO2 | b. | ATP | c. | RuBP | d. | A and B only | e. | A, B, and C | | |
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30.
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Why are C4 plants
able to photosynthesize with no apparent photorespiration? a. | They do not participate in the Calvin cycle. | b. | They use PEP carboxylase to initially fix CO2. | c. | They are adapted to cold, wet climates. | d. | They conserve water more efficiently. | e. | They exclude oxygen from their tissues. | | |
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31.
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Which of the following is
true of synaptic signaling and hormonal signaling? a. | Hormonal signaling occurs in animals only. | b. | Hormonal signaling is important between cells that are at greater distances apart than
in synaptic signaling. | c. | Both act on target cells by a
G-protein-signaling pathway. | d. | Only A and B are
true. | e. | A, B, and C are true. | | |
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32.
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Which of the following signal
systems use(s) G-protein-linked receptors? a. | yeast mating
factors | b. | epinephrine | c. | neurotransmitters | d. | A and C only | e. | A, B, and C | | |
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33.
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A plant deficient in calcium
could experience several problems, including a. | poor response to signals of stress,
drought, or cold. | b. | decreased response to
epinephrine. | c. | overactive cyclic AMP responses. | d. | B and C only | e. | A, B, and C | | |
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34.
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The response of a particular
cell to a signal depends on a. | its particular collection of signal
receptor proteins. | b. | its relay
proteins. | c. | the proteins needed to carry out the
response. | d. | A and B only | e. | A, B, and C | | |
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35.
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What is the name for the
special region on a duplicated chromosome that holds the sister chromatids together? a. | centrosome | b. | centromere | c. | kinetochore | d. | desmosome | e. | microtubule organizer region | | |
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The questions below refer to
the following terms. Each term may be used once, more than once, or not at
all.
A. | telophase | B. | anaphase | C. | prometaphase | D. | metaphase | E. | prophase | | |
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36.
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Centrioles begin to move apart
in animal cells.
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37.
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During which phases of mitosis
are chromosomes composed of two chromatids? a. | from interphase through
anaphase | b. | from G1 of interphase through
metaphase | c. | from metaphase through telophase | d. | from anaphase through telophase | e. | from G2 of interphase through metaphase | | |
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The following questions
consist of five phrases or sentences related to the control of cell division. For each one, select
the term below that is most closely related to it. Each term may be used once, more than once, or not
at all.
A. | PDGF | B. | MPF | C. | protein kinase | D. | cyclin | E. | Cdk | | |
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38.
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a protein synthesized at
specific times during the cell cycle that associates with a kinase to form a catalytically active
complex
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39.
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An enzyme that attaches a
phosphate group to another molecule is called a a. | phosphatase. | b. | phosphorylase. | c. | kinase. | d. | cyclase. | e. | ATPase. | | |
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