Multiple
Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the
question.
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1.
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Which of the following is
true regarding deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)? a. | Each deoxyribonucleic acid molecule is composed of two long chains of nucleotides
arranged in a double helix. | b. | Genes are composed of deoxyribonucleic
acid. | c. | DNA is composed of chemical building blocks called
nucleotides. | d. | Only A and C are correct. | e. | A, B, and C are correct. | | |
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2.
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Once labor begins in
childbirth, contractions increase in intensity and frequency until delivery. The increasing labor
contractions of childbirth are an example of a. | a bioinformatic
system. | b. | positive feedback. | c. | negative feedback. | d. | feedback
inhibition. | e. | both C and D | | |
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3.
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Which of these provides
evidence of the common ancestry of all life? a. | the ubiquitous use of catalysts by living
systems | b. | the universality of the genetic code | c. | the structure of the nucleus | d. | the structure of cilia | e. | the structure of
chloroplasts | | |
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4.
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Through time, the lineage that
led to modern whales shows a change from four-limbed land animals to aquatic animals with two limbs
that function as flippers. This change is best explained by a. | natural philosophy. | b. | creationism. | c. | the hierarchy of the biological organization of life. | d. | natural selection. | e. | feedback
inhibition. | | |
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5.
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Why is it important that an
experiment include a control group? a. | The control group is the group that the
researcher is in control of; it is the group in which the researcher predetermines the nature of the
results. | b. | The control group provides a reserve of experimental
subjects. | c. | A control group is required for the development of an "if;
then" statement. | d. | A control group assures that an experiment
will be repeatable. | e. | Without a control group, there is no basis
for knowing if a particular result is due to the variable being tested or to some other
factor. | | |
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6.
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Which of the following is
not a theme that unifies biology? a. | interaction with the
environment | b. | emergent properties | c. | evolution | d. | reductionism | e. | structure and function | | |
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7.
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About 25 of the 92 natural
elements are known to be essential to life. Which four of these 25 elements make up approximately 96%
of living matter? a. | carbon, sodium, chlorine, nitrogen | b. | carbon, sulfur, phosphorus, hydrogen | c. | oxygen, hydrogen, calcium, sodium | d. | carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen | e. | carbon, oxygen, sulfur, calcium | | |
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8.
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What is the approximate atomic
mass of an atom with 16 neutrons, 15 protons, and 15 electrons? a. | 15 daltons | b. | 16 daltons | c. | 30 daltons | d. | 31 daltons | e. | 46 daltons | | |
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9.
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When two atoms are equally
electronegative, they will interact to form a. | equal numbers of
isotopes. | b. | ions. | c. | polar covalent
bonds. | d. | nonpolar covalent bonds. | e. | ionic bonds. | | |
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10.
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Which of the following best
describes chemical equilibrium? a. | Forward and reverse reactions continue
with no effect on the concentrations of the reactants and products. | b. | Concentrations of products are higher than the concentrations of the
reactants. | c. | Forward and reverse reactions have stopped so that the concentration
of the reactants equals the concentration of the products. | d. | Reactions stop only when all reactants have been converted to
products. | e. | There are equal concentrations of reactants and products, and the
reactions have stopped. | | |
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11.
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An example of a hydrogen bond
is the bond between a. | C and H in methane
(CH4). | b. | the H of one water molecule and the O of
another water molecule. | c. | Na+and Cl- in
salt. | d. | the two hydrogen atoms in a molecule of hydrogen gas
(H2). | e. | Mg+and Cl- in
MgCl2. | | |
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12.
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Which of the following is true
when an ice cube cools a drink? a. | Molecule collisions in the drink
increase. | b. | Kinetic energy in the drink decreases. | c. | A calorie of heat energy is transferred from the ice to the water of the
drink. | d. | The specific heat of the water in the drink
decreases. | e. | Evaporation of the water in the drink
increases. | | |
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13.
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What would be the pH of a
solution with a hydroxide ion [OH-] concentration of 10-12
M? a. | pH 2 | b. | pH 4 | c. | pH 10 | d. | pH 12 | e. | pH 14 | | |
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14.
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The concept of vitalism is
based on a belief in a life force outside the jurisdiction of physical and chemical laws. According
to this belief, organic compounds can arise only within living organisms. Which of the following did
the most to refute the concept of vitalism? a. | Wöhler's synthesis of
urea | b. | Berzelius's distinction between organic and inorganic
compounds | c. | Miller's experiments with ancient
atmospheres | d. | Rodriguez's studies of phytochemicals | e. | Kolbe's synthesis of acetic acid | | |
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15.
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Which of the following is (are)
true about the carbon atoms present in all organic molecules? a. | They were incorporated into organic molecules by plants. | b. | They were processed into sugars through photosynthesis. | c. | They are ultimately derived from carbon dioxide. | d. | Only A and C are correct. | e. | A, B, and C are
correct. | | |
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16.
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Which two functional groups are
always found in amino acids? a. | ketone and
aldehyde | b. | carbonyl and carboxyl | c. | carboxyl and amino | d. | phosphate and
sulfhydryl | e. | hydroxyl and aldehyde | | |
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Use the molecules shown in
the figure below to answer the following questions..
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17.
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Which molecule functions to
transfer energy between organic molecules? a. | Molecule A | b. | Molecule B | c. | Molecule C | d. | Molecule D | e. | Molecule E | | |
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18.
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Polymers of polysaccharides,
fats, and proteins are all synthesized from monomers by which process? a. | connecting monosaccharides together (condensation reactions) | b. | the addition of water to each monomer (hydrolysis) | c. | the removal of water (dehydration reactions) | d. | ionic bonding of the monomers | e. | the formation of disulfide bridges between monomers | | |
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19.
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Lactose, a sugar in milk, is
composed of one glucose molecule joined by a glycosidic linkage to one galactose molecule. How is
lactose classified? a. | as a pentose | b. | as a hexose | c. | as a
monosaccharide | d. | as a disaccharide | e. | as a polysaccharide | | |
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20.
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The molecule shown in the
figure below is a
a. | polysaccharide. | b. | polypeptide. | c. | saturated fatty acid. | d. | triacylglycerol. | e. | unsaturated fatty acid. | | |
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21.
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Polysaccharides, lipids, and
proteins are similar in that they a. | are synthesized from monomers by the
process of hydrolysis. | b. | are synthesized from monomers by
dehydration reactions. | c. | are synthesized as a result of peptide
bond formation between monomers. | d. | are decomposed into their subunits by
dehydration reactions. | e. | all contain nitrogen in their monomer
building blocks. | | |
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22.
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All of the following molecules
are proteins except a. | hemoglobin. | b. | transthyretin. | c. | collagen. | d. | lysozyme. | e. | glycogen. | | |
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23.
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The difference between the
sugar in DNA and the sugar in RNA is that the sugar in DNA a. | is a six-carbon sugar and the sugar in RNA is a five-carbon
sugar. | b. | can form a double-stranded molecule. | c. | has a six-membered ring of carbon and nitrogen atoms. | d. | can attach to a phosphate. | e. | contains one less oxygen
atom. | | |
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